Brend\u00ebsia e njeriut \u00ebsht\u00eb e mbushur me viruse t\u00eb infektuara nga bakteret. \u00c7far\u00eb po b\u00ebjn\u00eb ata?
\nJu ndoshta keni d\u00ebgjuar p\u00ebr mikrobiom\u00ebn \u2013 nj\u00eb mori bakteresh dhe formash t\u00eb tjera t\u00eb vogla t\u00eb jet\u00ebs q\u00eb jetojn\u00eb n\u00eb zorr\u00ebt tona.<\/p>\n
Epo, rezulton se ato baktere kan\u00eb viruse q\u00eb ekzistojn\u00eb brenda dhe rreth tyre \u2013 me pasoja t\u00eb r\u00ebnd\u00ebsishme si p\u00ebr ata ashtu edhe p\u00ebr ne.<\/p>\n
Takoni fagjeom\u00ebn.
\nKa miliarda, ndoshta edhe triliona t\u00eb k\u00ebtyre viruseve, t\u00eb njohur si bakteriofag\u00eb (\u201cngr\u00ebn\u00ebsit e baktereve\u201d n\u00eb greqisht) ose thjesht \u201cfag\u00eb\u201d p\u00ebr miqt\u00eb e tyre, brenda sistemit tret\u00ebs t\u00eb njeriut. Shkenca e fagjeom\u00ebve \u00ebsht\u00eb ngritur n\u00eb qiell koh\u00ebt e fundit, thot\u00eb Breck Duerkop, nj\u00eb bakteriolog n\u00eb Shkoll\u00ebn e Mjek\u00ebsis\u00eb t\u00eb Universitetit t\u00eb Kolorados Anschutz, dhe studiuesit po p\u00ebrpiqen t\u00eb arrijn\u00eb t\u00eb kuptojn\u00eb diversitetin e tyre t\u00eb madh. Studiuesit dyshojn\u00eb se n\u00ebse mjek\u00ebt mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdorin ose synojn\u00eb fag\u00ebt e duhur, ata mund t\u00eb jen\u00eb n\u00eb gjendje t\u00eb p\u00ebrmir\u00ebsojn\u00eb sh\u00ebndetin e njeriut.<\/p>\n
\u201cDo t\u00eb rezultoj\u00eb se do t\u00eb ket\u00eb fag\u00eb t\u00eb mir\u00eb si dhe fag\u00eb t\u00eb k\u00ebqij,\u201d thot\u00eb Paul Bollyky, nj\u00eb mjek i s\u00ebmundjeve infektive dhe studiues n\u00eb Stanford Medicine. Por tani p\u00ebr tani, ende nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb e qart\u00eb se sa fag\u00eb z\u00ebn\u00eb zorr\u00ebn \u2013 ndoshta nj\u00eb p\u00ebr \u00e7do qeliz\u00eb bakteriale, ose edhe m\u00eb pak.<\/p>\n
Ka edhe baktere q\u00eb p\u00ebrmbajn\u00eb gjene t\u00eb fagut, por q\u00eb nuk prodhojn\u00eb n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb aktive viruse \u2013 bakteret thjesht po jetojn\u00eb jet\u00ebn e tyre me ADN-n\u00eb e fagut t\u00eb etiketuar s\u00eb bashku n\u00eb gjenomin e tyre.<\/p>\n
Dhe ka shum\u00eb fag\u00eb ende t\u00eb paidentifikuar. Shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebt i quajn\u00eb k\u00ebto \u201cmateria e err\u00ebt\u201d e fagjeom\u00ebs. Nj\u00eb pjes\u00eb e madhe e hulumtimit aktual t\u00eb fagut \u00ebsht\u00eb identifikimi i k\u00ebtyre viruseve dhe baktereve t\u00eb tyre prit\u00ebs. Baza e t\u00eb dh\u00ebnave Gut Phage p\u00ebrmban m\u00eb shum\u00eb se 140,000 fag\u00eb , por kjo me siguri \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb n\u00ebnvler\u00ebsim. \u201cLarmia e tyre \u00ebsht\u00eb thjesht e jasht\u00ebzakonshme,\u201d thot\u00eb Colin Hill, nj\u00eb mikrobiolog n\u00eb University College Cork n\u00eb Irland\u00eb.<\/p>\n
Shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebt gjejn\u00eb fag\u00eb duke shoshitur sekuencat gjenetike t\u00eb nxjerra nga mostrat e fekaleve njer\u00ebzore. K\u00ebtu studiuesit gjet\u00ebn grupin m\u00eb t\u00eb zakonsh\u00ebm t\u00eb fagut t\u00eb zorr\u00ebve , t\u00eb quajtur crAssphage. (e em\u00ebrtuar p\u00ebr teknik\u00ebn e \u201cmontimit t\u00eb kryq\u00ebzuar\u201d q\u00eb nxori gjenet e tyre nga p\u00ebrzierja gjenetike.) N\u00eb nj\u00eb studim t\u00eb koh\u00ebve t\u00eb fundit, Hill dhe koleg\u00ebt detajuan nj\u00eb form\u00eb llamb\u00eb p\u00ebr crAsfag\u00ebt, me nj\u00eb trup 20 an\u00ebsh dhe nj\u00eb k\u00ebrcell p\u00ebr t\u00eb injektuar ADN-n\u00eb n\u00eb bakteret bujt\u00ebse.<\/p>\n
Nuk \u00ebsht\u00eb e qart\u00eb n\u00ebse crAsfages b\u00ebjn\u00eb nj\u00eb ndryshim n\u00eb sh\u00ebndetin e njeriut, por duke pasur parasysh se ata infektojn\u00eb nj\u00eb nga grupet m\u00eb t\u00eb zakonshme t\u00eb baktereve t\u00eb zorr\u00ebve, Bacteroides , Hill, nuk do t\u00eb habiteshin n\u00ebse do ta b\u00ebnin. Grupe t\u00eb tjera t\u00eb zakonshme, t\u00eb cilat gjithashtu infektojn\u00eb Bacteroides , p\u00ebrfshijn\u00eb Gubaphage (fag bacteroidales n\u00eb zorr\u00eb) dhe LoVEphage (shum\u00eb element\u00eb gjenetik\u00eb viral\u00eb).<\/p>\n
Fageomet ndryshojn\u00eb shum\u00eb nga personi n\u00eb person. Ato ndryshojn\u00eb gjithashtu n\u00eb var\u00ebsi t\u00eb mosh\u00ebs, gjinis\u00eb, diet\u00ebs dhe m\u00ebnyr\u00ebs s\u00eb jetes\u00ebs , si\u00e7 p\u00ebrshkruan Hill dhe koleg\u00ebt n\u00eb Rishikimin Vjetor t\u00eb Mikrobiologjis\u00eb 2023.<\/p>\n
Megjith\u00ebse fag\u00ebt infektojn\u00eb bakteret dhe ndonj\u00ebher\u00eb i vrasin ato, marr\u00ebdh\u00ebnia \u00ebsht\u00eb m\u00eb e nd\u00ebrlikuar se kaq . \u201cNe menduam se fagu dhe bakteret po luftojn\u00eb,\u201d thot\u00eb Hill, \u201cpor tani e dim\u00eb se ata n\u00eb t\u00eb v\u00ebrtet\u00eb po k\u00ebrcejn\u00eb; ata jan\u00eb partner\u00eb.\u201d<\/p>\n
Fag\u00ebt mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrfitojn\u00eb nga bakteret duke sjell\u00eb gjene t\u00eb reja. Kur nj\u00eb grimc\u00eb fag po mblidhet brenda nj\u00eb bakteri t\u00eb infektuar, ndonj\u00ebher\u00eb mund t\u00eb fut\u00eb gjenet bakteriale n\u00eb shtres\u00ebn e saj proteinike s\u00eb bashku me materialin e vet gjenetik. M\u00eb von\u00eb, ajo i derdh ato gjene n\u00eb nj\u00eb host t\u00eb ri dhe ato gjene t\u00eb transferuara aksidentalisht mund t\u00eb jen\u00eb t\u00eb dobishme, thot\u00eb Duerkop. Ato mund t\u00eb ofrojn\u00eb rezistenc\u00eb ndaj antibiotik\u00ebve ose aft\u00ebsin\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb tretur nj\u00eb substanc\u00eb t\u00eb re.<\/p>\n
Fag\u00ebt i mbajn\u00eb popullatat bakteriale n\u00eb form\u00eb duke kafshuar vazhdimisht thembrat e tyre, thot\u00eb Hill. Bakteret Bacteroides mund t\u00eb shfaqin deri n\u00eb nj\u00eb duzin\u00eb lloje t\u00eb shtresave me sheqer n\u00eb sip\u00ebrfaqet e tyre t\u00eb jashtme. Veshjet e ndryshme kan\u00eb avantazhe t\u00eb ndryshme: p\u00ebr t\u00eb shmangur sistemin imunitar, t\u00eb themi, ose p\u00ebr t\u00eb z\u00ebn\u00eb nj\u00eb cep t\u00eb ndrysh\u00ebm t\u00eb sistemit t\u00eb tretjes.<\/p>\n
Por kur crAsfag\u00ebt jan\u00eb p\u00ebrreth, thot\u00eb Hill, Bacteroides duhet t\u00eb ndryshojn\u00eb vazhdimisht veshjet p\u00ebr t\u00eb shmangur fag\u00ebt q\u00eb njohin nj\u00eb shtres\u00eb ose nj\u00eb tjet\u00ebr. Rezultati: n\u00eb \u00e7do koh\u00eb t\u00eb caktuar, ka Bacteroide me lloje t\u00eb ndryshme veshjesh t\u00eb pranishme, duke i mund\u00ebsuar popullat\u00ebs n\u00eb t\u00ebr\u00ebsi t\u00eb z\u00ebr\u00eb nj\u00eb s\u00ebr\u00eb nyjesh ose t\u00eb p\u00ebrballoj\u00eb sfida t\u00eb reja .<\/p>\n
Fag\u00ebt gjithashtu i pengojn\u00eb popullatat bakteriale t\u00eb dalin jasht\u00eb kontrollit. Zorr\u00ebt jan\u00eb nj\u00eb ekosistem, si pyjet, dhe fag\u00ebt jan\u00eb grabitqar\u00eb t\u00eb baktereve, ashtu si ujq\u00ebrit jan\u00eb grabitqar\u00eb drer\u00ebsh. Zorr\u00ebt kan\u00eb nevoj\u00eb p\u00ebr fag\u00eb ashtu si pylli p\u00ebr ujq\u00ebr.<\/p>\n
Kur ato marr\u00ebdh\u00ebnie grabitqar-pre ndryshohen, s\u00ebmundja mund t\u00eb rezultoj\u00eb: studiuesit kan\u00eb v\u00ebzhguar ndryshime t\u00eb fagjeomeve n\u00eb sindrom\u00ebn inflamatore t\u00eb zorr\u00ebve (IBS), s\u00ebmundjen e zorr\u00ebs s\u00eb irrituar dhe kancerin kolorektal \u2013 ekosistemi viral i dikujt me IBS shpesh \u00ebsht\u00eb me diversitet t\u00eb ul\u00ebt , p\u00ebr shembull.<\/p>\n
Njer\u00ebzit p\u00ebrpiqen t\u00eb ribalancojn\u00eb mikrobiom\u00ebn e zorr\u00ebve me dieta ose, n\u00eb raste ekstreme mjek\u00ebsore, transplantim fekale . Trajtimi i fag\u00ebve mund t\u00eb siguroj\u00eb nj\u00eb qasje m\u00eb t\u00eb sakt\u00eb, thot\u00eb Hill. Si shembull, shkenc\u00ebtar\u00ebt po k\u00ebrkojn\u00eb fag\u00eb q\u00eb mund t\u00eb p\u00ebrdoren n\u00eb m\u00ebnyr\u00eb terapeutike p\u00ebr t\u00eb infektuar bakteret q\u00eb shkaktojn\u00eb ulcerat e stomakut .<\/p>\n
Ndoshta duhet t\u00eb jemi mir\u00ebnjoh\u00ebs p\u00ebr triliona fag\u00eb q\u00eb menaxhojn\u00eb ekosistemin e zorr\u00ebve. Pa to, sugjeron Hill, disa lloje bakteresh mund t\u00eb mbizot\u00ebrojn\u00eb shpejt \u2013 potencialisht duke ju l\u00ebn\u00eb t\u00eb paaft\u00eb p\u00ebr t\u00eb tretur disa ushqime dhe duke iu n\u00ebnshtruar gazrave dhe fryrjes.
\nFageoma e eg\u00ebr dhe e mrekullueshme \u00ebsht\u00eb nj\u00eb partner k\u00ebrcimi si p\u00ebr bakteret ashtu edhe p\u00ebr njer\u00ebzit.<\/p>\n
\/ BBC<\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"
Brend\u00ebsia e njeriut \u00ebsht\u00eb e mbushur me viruse t\u00eb infektuara nga bakteret. \u00c7far\u00eb po b\u00ebjn\u00eb<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":96360,"comment_status":"closed","ping_status":"closed","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[10],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-96359","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-shendeti"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/kercova.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/96359","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/kercova.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/kercova.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kercova.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kercova.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcomments&post=96359"}],"version-history":[{"count":0,"href":"https:\/\/kercova.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/posts\/96359\/revisions"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kercova.net\/index.php?rest_route=\/wp\/v2\/media\/96360"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/kercova.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fmedia&parent=96359"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kercova.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Fcategories&post=96359"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/kercova.net\/index.php?rest_route=%2Fwp%2Fv2%2Ftags&post=96359"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}